Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW)/日本からの意見

Algerian Hostage Incident Calls for Change in Japan's Perspective on Diplomacy
MOMOI Jiro / Lecturer, Chubu University

March 13, 2013
The hostage incident in Algeria came to an end as military troops stormed the compound. But it came at an exorbitantly heavy price. Among the victims were many employees and staff of JGC Corporation, a leading Japanese plant maker that had been constructing energy facilities in Algeria as an irreplaceable partner in the country's development since the 1960’s following its independence. JGC has many employees with expert knowledge on Algeria, who spent years working and forging close human relationships in the country. On its part, Algeria has given high recognition to JGC's contribution. Thus the tragic conclusion of this incident was all the more heartbreaking for both Japan and Algeria.

While it is difficult to fathom the political process within Algeria, it is generally understood that political decisions depend on the seesawing balance of power between the President's camp and the military intelligence establishment. However, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been dogged by ill health and it has been pointed out that his influence had waned over the past few years. Prime Minister Abdemalek Sellal acts as the President’s aide, yet he also served as Minister of the Interior in the 1990's and has connections with the military intelligence establishment. There may have been no political deterrent at work against the assault operation advocated by the military.

The Japanese government made the right decision in dispatching Parliamentary Vice-Minister Kiuchi Minoru to Algeria at an early stage. In a country where information is synonymous with authority, accurate information is often concentrated in the hands of a few top officials, and the true picture doesn't emerge unless a meeting is held between officials with relevant authority. In any case, information concerning security is placed under the strict control of the military intelligence establishment, so any attempt at collecting information must have been excruciatingly difficult. While it is important that Japan discuss issues such as its own version of a National Security Council, revision of the Self- Defense Forces Act and reassignment of military attaché at its embassies, it is a mere delusion to think that such things could have prevented the incident or improved the situation.

The latest incident has raised questions about the intelligence-gathering capability of the local embassy. However, we should at the same time reconsider the low priority given to Algeria based on the diplomatic perspective taken by the Japanese government to date. Algeria is diplomatically important as a nation rich in natural resources and as a leader among developing nations. Frequent visits are made by top leaders and foreign ministers between Japan and western countries. In contrast, while Algerian dignitaries including the President have paid several visits to Japan, the Japanese Prime Minister has yet to pay a return visit. The previous Foreign Minister Maehara Seiji was the only minister who has visited Algeria, and even that occurred as recently as 2010. Although the duration of his visit was in effect only a few hours, Maehara was accorded a very warm welcome that included a meeting with President Bouteflika. Algeria is a country of high self-esteem that places value in keeping up its honor. That visit by a Japanese foreign minister seemed to herald a new era of Japan-Algeria relations. It is about time Japan revised its conventional diplomatic approach of categorizing relationships in terms of countries with advanced or developing economies, and instead sought to build equal relationships with countries as a genuine partner.

Terrorism is not a word that should be used lightly, yet I think that the latest incident was indeed an act of terrorism that seeks social change through violence. Japan must take a resolute stand against such terrorist acts. However, this is not to say it should shortsightedly pursue a "war against terrorism." Japan is expected to contribute in the areas of social welfare, such as reducing poverty, providing technical assistance and nurturing industries. And the steady accumulation of such activities is exactly what JGC has been doing. Offering dedicated support to such activities, one step at a time, will eventually rid the world of terrorism and in turn benefit Japan in ensuring its security and prosperity.

Jiro Momoi lectures on international relations at Chubu University. This article was first published on January 30, 2013 in the evening edition of the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper.
The English-Speaking Union of Japan




アルジェリア人質事件で思う 外交発想の転換を
桃井治郎 / 中部大学 講師(国際関係)

2013年 3月 13日
アルジェリア人質事件で思う 外交発想の転換を 



桃井治郎    中部大学 講師(国際関係)

 


 アルジェリアの人質事件は、軍の突入作戦によって終結した。しかし、その代償は、あまりにも大きく重い。多くの社員や関係者が犠牲になったプラント大手の日揮は、アルジェリアが独立した1960年代からエネルギー施設の建設に関わり、無二のパートナーとして同国の開発に携わってきた。同社には、アルジェリアで長年働き、親密な人間関係を築き、同国に精通するエキスパートが何人もいる。アルジェリア側も日揮の貢献に、大きな評価をしてきた。それだけに今回の事件は、日本にとってもアルジェリアにとってもやり切れない痛恨の結末である。

 アルジェリアにおける政治過程は見えづらいが、一般に、大統領陣営と軍情報部との間のシーソーのような権力バランスによって、その時々の政治決定がなされるといわれてきた。ただし、ブーテフリカ大統領は健康問題を抱え、近年、影響力の低下が指摘されている。セラル首相は大統領の側近であるが、同時に、90年代には内相を務め、軍情報部とも通じている。そのため、軍が主導する強行作戦に対して、もはや政治的な抑止力は働かなかったのではないだろうか。

今回、日本政府が早い段階で城内実・外務政務官を派遣したのは正しい判断であったと思う。情報を権限と考える同国の場合、トップの一部しか正確な情報をもっていないことが多く、しかるべき立場の人間どうしで会談しないと本当の情報が得られない。ただし、治安に関する情報は平時においても軍情報部が厳しく統制しており、いずれにせよ、情報収集は極めて困難であったと想像される。日本版NSC(国家安全保障会議)や自衛隊法改正、武官再配置等の議論は重要だが、それがあれば事件が防げたり、事態が改善したと考えるのは過度の幻想だと思う。

 また、今回の事件をきっかけに大使館の情報収集能力が問われているが、同時に問題とされるべきは、日本政府がこれまで取ってきたアルジェリア軽視の外交姿勢ではないだろうか。同国は、資源大国であり、第三世界のリーダー国として外交上重要な国である。欧米諸国とは首脳や外相がしばしば往来している。しかし日本は、同国から大統領など要人の来訪は数あるものの、未(いま)だ首相の同国への往訪はなく、ようやく2010年、前原誠司外相が同国を訪問しただけである。実質数時間という短い滞在であったにもかかわらず、前原外相はブーテフリカ大統領と会談するなど熱烈な歓迎を受けた。アルジェリアは自尊心が強く、メンツを大事にする国である。日本の外相の訪問は日ア新時代を予感させた。今こそ、経済力からみた先進国・途上国関係という従来型の外交発想を改め、真のパートナーとして対等な関係の構築を模索する時期ではないだろうか。

 テロという言葉を安易に使うのは正しくないが、それでもやはり今回の事件は、暴力によって社会を変えようとするテロ行為だと私は思う。日本はこうした暴力主義に毅然(きぜん)として立ち向かわなければならない。ただし、それは短絡的な「テロとの戦い」を意味しない。日本に求められているのは、貧困削減、技術協力、産業育成などの民生分野での貢献であり、日揮がこれまで着実に積み重ねてきたような活動である。こうした活動をひたむきに支援することが、一歩ずつでも世界から暴力主義を追放し、翻って日本の安全と繁栄に役立つことになろう。

(筆者は中部大学講師(国際関係論)。本稿は2013年1月30日毎日新聞夕刊に掲載された。)
一般社団法人 日本英語交流連盟


English Speaking Union of Japan > Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW) > Algerian Hostage Incident Calls for Change in Japan's Perspective on Diplomacy