Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW)/日本からの意見

Keeping an Eye on the Vatican's Moves Under the New Pope
NISHIKAWA Megumi  / Journalist

April 24, 2013
Pope Francis, a native of Argentina, has ascended to the top seat at the Vatican. This marked the first time in history that a Pope was chosen from a country outside Europe. Catholicism is alive and well in Central and South America, with large populations of devout churchgoers. Thus the arrival of an Argentine Pope has been received by some as a natural course of events. Yet the single fact that the region lay at the farthest end of the Catholic world as late as the 15th and 16th centuries is enough to make us realize the historic magnitude of this event.

After Columbus arrived on the shores of the New World, the Catholic Church expanded its sphere of influence by vanquishing such indigenous civilizations as the Maya and Inca. Because of this, Catholicism in Central and South America has remained under the powerful influence of native religions, retaining a multicultural foundation unlike its counterpart in Europe. The Vatican's latest "departure" from Europe could introduce greater flexibility and tolerance to the Catholic Church.

Furthermore, the new Pope will inevitably attract people's attention to the "South." In the global context of an affluent "North" and an impoverished "South," it is symbolic that Pope Francis has expressed his hope of creating "a Church for the poor," and serving " the poorest, the weakest, the least important."

The Japanese tend to view the Vatican solely from a religious perspective. We should also recognize that backed by its moral authority and intellectual influence, the Vatican has begun to exert a presence that more closely resembles a non-governmental organization (NGO) rather than a nation. That makes it the world's largest NGO with one billion believers spread around the globe.

The Pope actively comments on global issues such as human rights, pacifism, nuclear disarmament and environmental protection, and warns against the excesses of competitive principles and market economics, which national governments – especially those with large Catholic constituencies - cannot simply ignore. Incidentally, in his comments in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the previous Pope, Benedict XVI, touched on mankind's excessive faith in science with the nuclear accident in mind, and urged people to remember the disaster victims.

I am watching with particular interest how the Vatican's relationship with China will pan out under this new Pope. For years now the two sides have been holding negotiations behind the scenes on establishing formal relations that have repeatedly run aground. The greatest obstacle lies in China's reluctance to hand over the right to appoint priests. At the same time, there may be apprehension on China's part about the possible maneuverings of the Catholic Church once a relationship is established.

It is clear from Africa's example that Catholic priests and believers, along with organizations associated with the Church, have penetrated every corner of the continent in devoted pursuit of their activities. These include reducing poverty, supporting orphans, providing educational opportunities for children, protecting the natural environment and preventing desertification. It isn't difficult to imagine the same thing happening in China, once a relationship is established. Dedicated activities based on Christian principles represent a risk for a country founded on communist ideology. Moreover, led on by the dedicated actions of the faithful, domestic discontent may take an unwanted turn that could pose a threat to the Chinese government. We should keep our eyes on the Vatican as an actor on the international political stage with a role that transcends the limits of a particular faith.

Megumi Nishikawa is Expert Senior Writer on the Foreign News Desk at the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper.
The English-Speaking Union of Japan




新法王のバチカンの動向に注意を
西川 恵 / ジャーナリスト

2013年 4月 24日
新法王のバチカンの動向に注意を



西川 恵    ジャーナリスト

 


 バチカン(ローマ法王庁)に南米アルゼンチン出身のフランシスコ法王が就任した。欧州以外から法王が誕生したのは初めて。中南米はカトリック信仰が息づいていて、教会に通う敬虔な信者も多い。アルゼンチン出身の法王の登場は自然の流れと一部では思われている。しかし中南米が15、16世紀までカトリック文明にとっては辺境であった一事を考えれば、いかに同法王の登場が画期的だったか明らかだ。

 コロンブスの新大陸到達後、カトリックはマヤ文明やインカ文明など土着の文明を滅ぼして勢力圏を広げた。ただこのために中南米のカトリックは土着信仰の影響が色濃く、欧州のカトリックとは異なり、多文化主義的な基盤を保持している。「脱欧州」はカトリックをより柔軟で寛容なものにする可能性があると私は思っている。

 また新法王は人々の視線を必然的に「南」に引き付けるだろう。豊かな「北」と貧しい「南」の対比にあって、法王が「貧しい人と共にある教会」「貧者に寄り添う司祭」を表明しているのはこの点で象徴的だ。

 日本では宗教の視点からのみ見がちなバチカンだが、その道義的権威と知的影響力をバックに国家というより非政府組織(NGO)に等しい存在となりつつある点は押さえておく必要がある。10億人の信者を世界に抱える最大のNGOだ。

 人権、反戦、非核、環境保護、過度の競争・市場主義への戒めなどグローバルイッシューでの法王の積極的な発言は、特に信者の多い国々の政府にとっては簡単に無視することは出来ない。ちなみに東日本大震災では前任のベネディクト16世が原発事故を念頭に科学信仰の行き過ぎに触れ、被災者への思いを忘れないように説いた。

 いま私が注目しているのは、新法王の下でバチカンと中国との関係の行く末だ。もう何年も両者は水面下で関係樹立の話し合いをもっては頓挫を繰り返してきた。最大の問題は司祭任命権をバチカンが握ることを中国が承諾しないことにあるが、同時に中国が危惧しているのはいったん関係が樹立された後のカトリック教会の動きだと思われる。

 アフリカを見れば明らかだが、カトリックの神父や信者、カトリック系組織がその国の隅々に入り込んで献身的な活動を行っている。貧困救済、孤児支援、学童への就学機会の提供、環境保護、砂漠化対策……。関係が一旦樹立されれば、同様なことが中国でも起こることを想像するのはさほど難しいことではない。キリスト教哲学に支えられた献身的な活動は、共産主義思想を根幹に据える国にはリスクである。中国国内に内在する不満が信者たちの献身活動によってどこに導かれるかも中国政府には脅威だろう。一宗教を超えた国際政治のアクターとして我々はバチカンを見ていく必要がある。

(筆者は毎日新聞 外信部 専門編集委員。)
一般社団法人 日本英語交流連盟


English Speaking Union of Japan > Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW) > Keeping an Eye on the Vatican's Moves Under the New Pope