Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW)/日本からの意見

Why Japanese Opinion is Against Attacking Iraq
KITAMURA Fumio  / Professor at Shukutoku University

March 17, 2003
Protest movements against a possible U.S.-led military attack on Iraq is spreading across the world at an unprecedented scale. Already, more than one million protesters have taken to the streets in the United Kingdom. In Japan, demonstrations of such proportions have not yet been organized. However, according to an opinion poll conducted by the Asahi Newspaper, one of Japan's most influential national papers, as much as 78% of the Japanese people expressed their opposition to attacking Iraq as advocated by America - roughly five times the 17% who favored an attack. And asked what Japan's response to U.S. military action should be, the poll revealed that 52% felt "Japan should not support" such a move, exceeding by a significant margin the 37% who voiced their support (Asahi Newspaper, February 25). The result of this opinion poll substantiates the strong sense of doubt and concern felt by the majority of Japanese towards the military solution presented by the United States.

Such opposition to military action is by no means an indication of endorsement for actions taken by the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein. Most Japanese suspect Iraq has violated the series of United Nations resolutions and has continued to develop and possess weapons of mass destruction. There is also a deep-seated distrust against President Hussein for failing to disclose sufficient information during inspections conducted by the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Why then are most Japanese opposed to the policy pursued by the Bush administration? Two reasons emerge out of the results of various opinion polls. One is that it is questionable whether military attack is the only remaining choice for resolving the Iraqi issue. The protest movement is being sustained by the view that we should refrain from pursuing military solutions that would sacrifice the lives of innocent Iraqi people as long as there is even the slightest hope that Iraq could be forced to destroy its weapons of mass destruction through an expansion in the inspections. Furthermore, even if the Hussein regime is defeated, there is no guarantee that democracy and stability could be brought to Iraq in the aftermath of a military operation. There is quite the opposite possibility that Iraq would be thrown into considerable confusion as a result. Such opposition reasoning is rooted in doubts concerning the effectiveness of military action in resolving issues.

The second reason is the strong antipathy aroused by the possibility of the United States exercising military force without the approval and support of the United Nations. The United States has emerged from the end of the Cold War as the world’s only superpower, and if it neglects to recognize the United Nations, it would inflict considerable damage to the system that maintains international stability. This opposition reasoning against military action is perhaps a sign that many Japanese find the Bush administration’s claim to be lacking justification under international law.

Unilateral military action by the United States, with the accompaniment of a few sympathetic nations, could fundamentally undermine the authority of the United Nations. Foreseeing such unfortunate prospects, the latter reasoning contains an important significance in considering the future of international relations. From a pessimistic standpoint, it could result in destroying confidence in the most important process of decision-making for cultivating peace and reconciliation.

I spent seven years in Middle East countries as an overseas correspondent for Japan's national newspaper. The experience taught me just how great the expectations held by developing nations toward the United Nations are. The superiority demonstrated by developed nations in everything from politics, economics, military force and technology has filled the developing nations with a deep sense of frustration. For those nations that find themselves on the side of the dependent in the unequal reality of international relations, the United Nations represents a precious forum for resisting subordination to the hegemonic power of larger nations. If standards regulating U.N. functions are neglected or ignored, we will see among the developing nations a growing movement that seeks to vent their discontent and anger in avenues other than peaceful negotiations. The expected development under such circumstances would be the emergence of dictators who seek to capture popular sentiment through inflammatory, demagogic words and deeds.

Neglect of the United Nations could also be used by organizations such as Al Qaida as materials for enforcing their logic of self-justification. Such international terrorist organizations seek to simplify the contradictions that exist in today's world into a dualistic conflict characterized as a "conflict between American hegemonic rule and the oppressed," and to brandish the argument that beneath it all lies a clash of civilizations. According to their point of view, peaceful talks through the United Nations are merely a hypocritical device that serves to mask the hidden intentions of the hegemonists. To counter such international organizations of terrorism and conspiracy, international solidarity and cooperation are essential. And bolstering confidence in the United Nations is an obvious precondition to that end.

The writer is a Professor at Shukutoku University and former Senior Editor and London Bureau Chief of the Yomiuri Newspaper.
The English-Speaking Union of Japan




なぜ日本の世論は対イラク戦争に反対するのか
北村 文夫 / 淑徳大学教授

2003年 3月 17日
世界の多くの地域でアメリカ主導の対イラク軍事攻撃への反対運動が、かつてない規模で拡大している。イギリスではすでに参加者100万人を越す反対デモが起きた。日本ではまだ、これほど大規模な街頭運動は組織されていない。しかし最大の影響力をもつ全国紙のひとつ朝日新聞の世論調査によると、アメリカが唱導するイラク攻撃に78%が反対し、賛成17%のほぼ5倍に達している。またアメリカが武力行使に踏み切ったさい『日本は支持すべきでない』との回答が52%で、『支持すべきだ』の37%を大幅に上回った(2月25日付け朝日新聞)。この世論調査の結果は、日本国民の圧倒的多数がアメリカによる武力解決策に強い疑問と不安を抱いていることを裏付けた。

もちろん軍事攻撃反対はフセイン・イラク体制の行動への是認を意味していない。日本人の多くは、イラクが一連の国連決議に違反して大量破壊兵器の開発、保有を続けているのではないかと疑っている。国連監視検証査察委員会(UNMOVIC)と国際原子力機関(IAEA)の査察へのイラク側の不十分な情報開示のために、フセイン大統領への不信感も根強い。

ではなぜ、ブッシュ米政権の方針に日本国民の大多数が反対するのだろうか。さまざまな世論調査の結果から二つの理由が浮き上がる。一つは、イラク問題解決のために武力攻撃だけが残された唯一の選択肢かどうかが疑問視されていることだ。査察拡大によってイラクに大量破壊兵器の廃棄を強いられる希望がわずかでも残る限り、無辜のイラク民衆を犠牲にする軍事解決策を自制すべきだという意見が反対運動を支えている。またフセイン政権を打倒できても、軍事作戦後のイラクに民主主義と安定がもたらされる保証はなく、むしろイラクが四分五裂の混乱に陥ることすらも予想される。こうした反対論拠は、問題解決策としての武力行使の有効性への疑問に根差しているといえる。

第二の理由は、アメリカが国連からの承認と支持を得ないまま武力行使に踏み切りかねないことへの強い反発である。東西冷戦終結で唯一の超大国となったアメリカが国連の存在を軽視するなら、国際的な安定を保つためのシステムが大きく傷つけられる。武力行使へのこの反対論拠は、ブッシュ政権の主張には国際法上の正当性が欠落している、と日本国民の多くが判断していることを物語るものだろう。

もしアメリカが、少数の同調国だけを伴いつつ単独主義的な軍事行動にでるならば、国連がもつ権威は根本から揺らぎかねない。こうした不幸な可能性を予見すると、後者の反対論拠は未来の国際関係を展望するうえで重大な意味合いをもつものだと思う。悲観的な見方をするなら、平和と和解を醸成するための意志決定の最重要プロセスへの信頼が突き崩されかねない。

私は日本の全国紙の海外特派員として、中東諸国で7年間を過ごした。この経験は、開発途上国が国連にいかに大きな期待を寄せているかを教えてくれた。先進諸国がもつ政治、経済、軍事、技術などあらゆる面での優位は、途上諸国に深い欲求不満の感情を充満させている。国際関係の不平等さのなかで従属する側におかれた途上諸国にとって、国連こそが強大な国々の覇権的支配力に抵抗するかけがえのない場なのである。もし国連機能を規制する規範が軽視され、無視されるなら、途上諸国では不満と怒りのはけ口を平和的な協議以外の方法に求める運動が高まるだろう。そうした状況下で予想されるのは、扇情的なデマゴーグ言動で民心をとらえようとする独裁者の登場である。

また国連の軽視は、アル・カーイダなどによって自己正当化の論理の補強材料として利用されかねない。これらの国際的なテロ組織は、現代の矛盾を『アメリカの覇権支配と被抑圧者の対立』という二元対立に単純化させ、その低層に文明間の対立が潜むという論法を振りかざしている。彼らの言い分によれば、国連を通じた平和的な話し合いなどは覇権主義者のたくらみを覆い隠す偽善的装置に過ぎないということにされている。国際的なテロ陰謀組織に対抗するためには、国際的な連帯と協力が不可欠である。そのための前提条件が、国連への信頼向上であることはいうまでもなかろう。

(筆者は淑徳大学教授。元読売新聞編集委員、ロンドン総局長)
一般社団法人 日本英語交流連盟


English Speaking Union of Japan > Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW) > Why Japanese Opinion is Against Attacking Iraq